Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-12 (of 12 Records) |
Query Trace: Lee SJ[original query] |
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Spanking and adult mental health impairment: The case for the designation of spanking as an adverse childhood experience
Afifi TO , Ford D , Gershoff ET , Merrick M , Grogan-Kaylor A , Ports KA , MacMillan HL , Holden GW , Taylor CA , Lee SJ , Peters Bennett R . Child Abuse Negl 2017 71 24-31 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) such as child abuse are related to poor health outcomes. Spanking has indicated a similar association with health outcomes, but to date has not been considered an ACE. Physical and emotional abuse have been shown in previous research to correlate highly and may be similar in nature to spanking. To determine if spanking should be considered an ACE, this study aimed to examine 1): the grouping of spanking with physical and emotional abuse; and 2) if spanking has similar associations with poor adult health problems and accounts for additional model variance. Adult mental health problems included depressive affect, suicide attempts, moderate to heavy drinking, and street drug use. Data were from the CDC-Kaiser ACE study (N=8316, response rate=65%). Spanking loaded on the same factor as the physical and emotional abuse items. Additionally, spanking was associated with increased odds of suicide attempts (Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR)=1.37; 95% CI=1.02 to1.86), moderate to heavy drinking (AOR)=1.23; 95% CI=1.07 to 1.41), and the use of street drugs (AOR)=1.32; 95% CI=1.4 to 1.52) in adulthood over and above experiencing physical and emotional abuse. This indicates spanking accounts for additional model variance and improves our understanding of these outcomes. Thus, spanking is empirically similar to physical and emotional abuse and including spanking with abuse adds to our understanding of these mental health problems. Spanking should also be considered an ACE and addressed in efforts to prevent violence. |
Cleaning and disinfecting environmental surfaces in health care: toward an integrated framework for infection and occupational illness prevention
Quinn MM , Henneberger PK , Braun B , Delclos GL , Fagan K , Huang V , Knaack JL , Kusek L , Lee SJ , Le Moual N , Maher KA , McCrone SH , Mitchell AH , Pechter E , Rosenman K , Sehulster L , Stephens AC , Wilburn S , Zock JP . Am J Infect Control 2015 43 (5) 424-34 BACKGROUND: The Cleaning and Disinfecting in Healthcare Working Group of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Occupational Research Agenda, is a collaboration of infection prevention and occupational health researchers and practitioners with the objective of providing a more integrated approach to effective environmental surface cleaning and disinfection (C&D) while protecting the respiratory health of health care personnel. METHODS: The Working Group, comprised of >40 members from 4 countries, reviewed current knowledge and identified knowledge gaps and future needs for research and practice. RESULTS: An integrated framework was developed to guide more comprehensive efforts to minimize harmful C&D exposures without reducing the effectiveness of infection prevention. Gaps in basic knowledge and practice that are barriers to an integrated approach were grouped in 2 broad areas related to the need for improved understanding of the (1) effectiveness of environmental surface C&D to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases and colonization in health care workers and patients and (2) adverse health impacts of C&D on health care workers and patients. Specific needs identified within each area relate to basic knowledge, improved selection and use of products and practices, effective hazard communication and training, and safer alternatives. CONCLUSION: A more integrated approach can support multidisciplinary teams with the capacity to maximize effective and safe C&D in health care. |
Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among agricultural workers in the United States: an analysis of the National Health Interview Survey, 2004-2008
Lee SJ , Tak S , Alterman T , Calvert GM . J Agromedicine 2014 19 (3) 268-80 Ergonomic risks from agricultural tasks can compromise musculoskeletal health of workers. This study estimated prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in a sample representing almost 2 million US agricultural industry workers. This study used National Health Interview Survey data from 2004 to 2008. Weighted prevalence was calculated by demographic and employment factors. Prevalence ratios were calculated using generalized linear models with the Poisson distribution assumption. Prevalence rates of low back and neck pain in the previous 3 months were 24.3% and 10.5%, respectively, among agricultural workers. Monthly prevalence of joint pain was 17.0% for hips/knees, 9.8% for shoulders, 9.5% for wrists/hands, 5.4% for elbows, and 4.7% for ankles/toes. Agricultural workers had a significantly higher prevalence of shoulder pain than all other industry workers (prevalence ratios [PR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.61). This study provides detailed national estimates of musculoskeletal symptom prevalence to understand the burden and the need for intervention among agricultural workers. |
Influenza vaccination among health care personnel in California: 2010-2011 influenza season
Lee SJ , Harrison R , Rosenberg J , McLendon P , Boston E , Lindley MC . Am J Infect Control 2013 41 (8) e65-71 BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccination among health care personnel (HCP) is a key measure to prevent influenza infection and transmission in health care settings. This study described influenza vaccination coverage among employees in various health care settings in California and examined factors associated with HCP influenza vaccination. METHODS: This study analyzed data from 111 facilities recruited through statewide invitation. Data on facility characteristics, vaccination programs, and vaccination receipt within and outside facilities were collected using Web-based questionnaires. Employees were defined as all persons in the facility payroll system regardless of patient contact. Facility-level employee vaccination coverage was calculated for 91 facilities. RESULTS: The mean employee influenza vaccination coverage was 60.7% overall: 64.0% for acute care hospitals (n = 30), 54.7% for long-term care facilities (n = 22), 59.4% for ambulatory surgery centers (n = 8), 58.6% for dialysis centers (n = 25), and 77.2% for physician practices (n = 6). Vaccination promotion methods such as risk-benefit education, personal reminders, and vaccination data tracking and feedback were significantly associated with increased vaccination coverage. CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest some variations in HCP vaccination coverage by type of health care setting as well as substantial challenges in reaching the Healthy People 2020 goal of 90%. Health care facilities need to use comprehensive promotion methods to improve HCP influenza vaccinations. |
Reliability and validity of a standardized measure of influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare personnel
Libby TE , Lindley MC , Lorick SA , MacCannell T , Lee SJ , Smith C , Geevarughese A , Makvandi M , Nace DA , Ahmed F . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013 34 (4) 335-45 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of a standardized measure of healthcare personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination. SETTING: Acute care hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, physician practices, and dialysis centers from 3 US jurisdictions. PARTICIPANTS: Staff from 96 healthcare facilities randomly sampled from 234 facilities that completed pilot testing to assess the feasibility of the measure. METHODS: Reliability was assessed by comparing agreement between facility staff and project staff on the classification of HCP numerator (vaccinated at facility, vaccinated elsewhere, contraindicated, declined) and denominator (employees, credentialed nonemployees, other nonemployees) categories. To assess validity, facility staff completed a series of case studies to evaluate how closely classification of HCP groups aligned with the measure's specifications. In a modified Delphi process, experts rated face validity of the proposed measure elements on a Likert-type scale. RESULTS: Percent agreement was high for HCP vaccinated at the facility (99%) and elsewhere (95%) and was lower for HCP who declined vaccination (64%) or were medically contraindicated (64%). While agreement was high (more than 90%) for all denominator categories, many facilities' staff excluded nonemployees for whom numerator and denominator status was difficult to determine. Validity was lowest for credentialed and other nonemployees. CONCLUSIONS: The standardized measure of HCP influenza vaccination yields reproducible results for employees vaccinated at the facility and elsewhere. Adhering to true medical contraindications and tracking declinations should improve reliability. Difficulties in establishing denominators and determining vaccination status for credentialed and other nonemployees challenged the measure's validity and prompted revision to include a more limited group of nonemployees. (See the commentary by Sickbert-Bennett and Weber, on pages 346-348.) |
Gender differences in acute pesticide-related illnesses and injuries among farmworkers in the United States, 1998-2007
Kasner EJ , Keralis JM , Mehler L , Beckman J , Bonnar-Prado J , Lee SJ , Diebolt-Brown B , Mulay P , Lackovic M , Waltz J , Schwartz A , Mitchell Y , Moraga-McHaley S , Roisman R , Gergely R , Calvert GM . Am J Ind Med 2012 55 (7) 571-83 BACKGROUND: Farmworkers have a high risk for acute pesticide-related illness and injury, and the rate among female farmworkers is approximately twice as high as that among males. Surveillance data were used to identify reasons for this gender difference. METHODS: We identified acute pesticide-related illness and injury cases among farmworkers from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides Program and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Gender-specific associations with acute pesticide-related illness and injury were assessed using chi-square tests. National Agricultural Workers Survey data were also examined. RESULTS: The over-representation of females among farmworker illness and injury cases was confined to females who did not handle pesticides (non-handlers). Female non-handler farmworkers who were affected were more likely to be working on fruit and nut crops, to be exposed to off-target pesticide drift, and to be exposed to fungicides and fumigants compared to males. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is an increased risk for acute pesticide-related illness and injury among female farmworkers, the absolute number of farmworkers with acute pesticide-related illness and injury is far higher among males than females. Furthermore, farmworkers have little or no control over many of the identified contributing factors that led to illness and injury. Stringent enforcement of existing regulations and enhanced regulatory efforts to protect against off-target drift exposures may have the highest impact in reducing acute pesticide-related illness and injury among farmworkers. (Am. J. Ind. Med. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.) |
Lung cancer risk among construction workers in California, 1988-2007
Calvert GM , Luckhaupt S , Lee SJ , Cress R , Schumacher P , Shen R , Tak S , Deapen D . Am J Ind Med 2012 55 (5) 412-22 BACKGROUND: Although lung cancer risks can vary by race/ethnicity and by construction occupation, these risks have not been examined extensively. METHODS: This study analyzed 110,937 lung cancer cases identified from the California Cancer Registry between 1988 and 2007. Mean age at diagnosis, proportion diagnosed at an advanced stage, and proportion with 3-year survival were calculated for lung cancer cases employed in the construction industry. Case-control methodology was also used to assess the risk of lung cancer. Morbidity odds ratios (MORs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Construction workers were found to have a significantly elevated risk for all lung cancer combined (MOR = 1.57) and for each lung cancer histologic subtype examined. All construction occupations, except managers/engineers and supervisors, had a significantly elevated risk for all lung cancer combined. Roofers and welders had the highest risks for total lung cancer and for each of the histologic subtypes. Construction workers in each of the four race/ethnicity groups also had significantly increased lung cancer risks. Compared to non-construction workers, construction workers were diagnosed at an earlier age, at a more advanced stage, and had significantly lower 3-year survival, though differences were modest. CONCLUSION: These findings justify additional reductions in carcinogenic exposures in construction, and increased support for smoking cessation programs at construction sites. (Am. J. Ind. Med. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) |
Schistosoma mansoni enhances host susceptibility to mucosal but not intravenous challenge by R5 clade C SHIV
Siddappa NB , Hemashettar G , Shanmuganathan V , Semenya AA , Sweeney ED , Paul KS , Lee SJ , Secor WE , Ruprecht RM . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011 5 (8) e1270 BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of HIV-1/AIDS in areas endemic for schistosomiasis and other helminthic infections has led to the hypothesis that parasites increase host susceptibility to immunodeficiency virus infection. We previously showed that rhesus macaques (RM) with active schistosomiasis were significantly more likely to become systemically infected after intrarectal (i.r.) exposure to an R5-tropic clade C simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-C) than were parasite-free controls. However, we could not address whether this was due to systemic or mucosal effects. If systemic immunoactivation resulted in increased susceptibility to SHIV-C acquisition, a similarly large difference in host susceptibility would be seen after intravenous (i.v.) SHIV-C challenge. Conversely, if increased host susceptibility was due to parasite-induced immunoactivation at the mucosal level, i.v. SHIV-C challenge would not result in significant differences between parasitized and parasite-free monkeys. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We enrolled two groups of RM and infected one group with Schistosoma mansoni; the other group was left parasite-free. Both groups were challenged i.v. with decreasing doses of SHIV-C. No statistically significant differences in 50% animal infectious doses (AID(50)) or peak viremia were seen between the two groups. These data strongly contrast the earlier i.r. SHIV-C challenge (using the same virus stock) in the presence/absence of parasites, where we noted a 17-fold difference in AID(50) and one log higher peak viremia in parasitized monkeys (P<0.001 for both). The lack of significant differences after the i.v. challenge implies that the increased host susceptibility is predominantly due to parasite-mediated mucosal upregulation of virus replication and spread, rather than systemic effects. CONCLUSIONS: The major impact of schistosome-induced increased host susceptibility is at the mucosal level. Given that >90% of all new HIV-1 infections worldwide are acquired through mucosal contact, parasitic infections that inflame mucosae may play an important role in the spread of HIV-1. |
Acute pesticide illnesses associated with off-target pesticide drift from agricultural applications - 11 states, 1998-2006
Lee SJ , Mehler L , Beckman J , Diebolt-Brown B , Prado J , Lackovic M , Waltz J , Mulay P , Schwartz A , Mitchell Y , Moraga-McHaley S , Gergely R , Calvert GM . Environ Health Perspect 2011 119 (8) 1162-9 BACKGROUND: Pesticides are widely used in agriculture and off-target pesticide drift results in exposures to workers and the public. OBJECTIVE: Estimate the incidence of acute illnesses from pesticide drift from outdoor agricultural applications, and describe drift exposure and illness characteristics. METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks-Pesticides Program and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Drift included off-target movement of pesticide spray, volatiles, and contaminated dust. Acute illness cases were characterized by demographics, pesticide and application variables, health effects, and contributing factors. RESULTS: During 1998-2006, 2,945 cases associated with agricultural pesticide drift were identified from 11 states. Forty-seven percent had exposures at work, 92% experienced low severity illness, and 14% were children (<15 years). The annual incidence ranged from 1.39 to 5.32 per million persons over the 9-year period. The overall incidence (in million person-years) was 114.3 for agricultural workers, 0.79 for other workers, 1.56 for nonoccupational cases, and 42.2 for residents in 5 agriculture-intensive counties in California. Soil applications with fumigants were responsible for the largest proportion (45%) of cases. Aerial applications accounted for 24% of cases. Common factors contributing to drift cases included weather conditions, improper seal of the fumigation site, and applicator carelessness near non-target areas. CONCLUSIONS: Agricultural workers and residents in agricultural regions were found to have the highest rate of pesticide poisoning from drift exposure, and soil fumigations were a major hazard causing large drift incidents. These findings highlight areas where interventions to reduce off-target drift could be focused. |
Investigation of an outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) infections among healthcare personnel in a Chicago hospital
Magill SS , Black SR , Wise ME , Kallen AJ , Lee SJ , Gardner T , Husain F , Srinivasan A , Gerber SI , Jhung M . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2011 32 (6) 611-5 In May 2009, we investigated a hospital outbreak of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) infection among healthcare personnel (HCP). Thirteen (65%) of 20 HCP with pH1N1 infection had healthcare-associated cases, which were primarily attributed to transmission among HCP. Eleven (55%) of HCP with pH1N1 infection worked for 1 day or more after the onset of illness. Personnel working with mild illness may have contributed to transmission among HCP. |
Acute illnesses associated with exposure to fipronil - surveillance data from 11 states in the United States, 2001-2007
Lee SJ , Mulay P , Diebolt-Brown B , Lackovic MJ , Mehler LN , Beckman J , Waltz J , Prado JB , Mitchell YA , Higgins SA , Schwartz A , Calvert GM . Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010 48 (7) 737-44 INTRODUCTION: Fipronil is a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide widely used to control residential pests and is also commonly used for flea and tick treatment on pets. It is a relatively new insecticide and few human toxicity data exist on fipronil. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the magnitude and characteristics of acute illnesses associated with fipronil exposure. METHODS: Illness cases associated with exposure to fipronil-containing products from 2001 to 2007 were identified from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides Program and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. RESULTS: A total of 103 cases were identified in 11 states. Annual case counts increased from 5 in 2001 to 30 in 2007. Of the cases, 55% were female, the median age was 37 years, and 11% were <15 years old. The majority (76%) had exposure in a private residence, 37% involved the use of pet-care products, and 26% had work-related exposures. Most cases (89%) had mild, temporary health effects. Neurological symptoms (50%) such as headache, dizziness, and paresthesia were the most common, followed by ocular (44%), gastrointestinal (28%), respiratory (27%), and dermal (21%) symptoms/signs. Exposures usually occurred from inadvertent spray/splash/spill of products or inadequate ventilation of the treated area before re-entry. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that exposure to fipronil can pose a risk for mild, temporary health effects in various body systems. Precautionary actions should be reinforced to prevent fipronil exposure to product users. |
Relative transmissibility of an R5 clade C simian-human immunodeficiency virus across different mucosae in macaques parallels the relative risks of sexual HIV-1 transmission in humans via different routes
Chenine AL , Siddappa NB , Kramer VG , Sciaranghella G , Rasmussen RA , Lee SJ , Santosuosso M , Poznansky MC , Velu V , Amara RR , Souder C , Anderson DC , Villinger F , Else JG , Novembre FJ , Strobert E , O'Neil SP , Secor WE , Ruprecht RM . J Infect Dis 2010 201 (8) 1155-63 BACKGROUND: Worldwide, approximately 90% of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissions occur mucosally; almost all involve R5 strains. Risks of sexual HIV acquisition are highest for rectal, then vaginal, and finally oral exposures. METHODS: Mucosal lacerations may affect the rank order of susceptibility to HIV but cannot be assessed in humans. We measured relative virus transmissibility across intact mucosae in macaques using a single stock of SHIV-1157ipd3N4, a simian-human immunodeficiency virus encoding a primary R5 HIV clade C env (SHIV-C). RESULTS: The penetrability of rhesus macaque mucosae differed significantly, with rectal challenge requiring the least virus, followed by vaginal and then oral routes ([Formula: see text], oral vs vaginal; [Formula: see text] rectal vs vaginal). These findings imply that intrinsic mucosal properties are responsible for the differential mucosal permeability. The latter paralleled the rank order reported for humans, with relative risk estimates within the range of epidemiological human studies. To test whether inflammation facilitates virus transmission-as predicted from human studies-we established a macaque model of localized buccal inflammation. Systemic infection occurred across inflamed but not normal buccal mucosa. CONCLUSION: Our primate data recapitulate virus transmission risks observed in humans, thus establishing R5 SHIV-1157ipd3N4 in macaques as a robust model system to study cofactors involved in human mucosal HIV transmission and its prevention. |
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